The tree uses its roots and leaves to assist in remediation. But in the case of soil, there are several mechanisms that can occur: sequestration (trapping and stabilizing) and degradation (breakdown) of contaminants.

It all begins with the roots. Roots behave like straws, sucking up contaminants like lead into their dense tissues and removing them from the surrounding soil. The metals and contaminants become trapped in the roots and trunks.

Metals cannot break down because they consist of basic elements from the periodic table. Microbes and fungi around the root system can ‘eat’ and break down carbon-based contaminants into smaller carbon-based compounds that do not pose a health risk. Smaller microbes then break down the smaller carbon-based ‘waste’ into smaller pieces and feed other microbes that can reduce the same process.

Trees can live for centuries. They have been silently aiding in soil remediation around our parks, homes, and schools for decades already.